[{"content":"","date":"22 March 2024","externalUrl":null,"permalink":"/blog/","section":"Blog","summary":"","title":"Blog","type":"blog"},{"content":"","date":"22 March 2024","externalUrl":null,"permalink":"/tags/dhcp/","section":"Tags","summary":"","title":"Dhcp","type":"tags"},{"content":"","date":"22 March 2024","externalUrl":null,"permalink":"/tags/networking/","section":"Tags","summary":"","title":"Networking","type":"tags"},{"content":"","date":"22 March 2024","externalUrl":null,"permalink":"/blog/networking/","section":"Blog","summary":"","title":"Networking","type":"blog"},{"content":"","date":"22 March 2024","externalUrl":null,"permalink":"/tags/protocols/","section":"Tags","summary":"","title":"Protocols","type":"tags"},{"content":"","date":"22 March 2024","externalUrl":null,"permalink":"/tags/","section":"Tags","summary":"","title":"Tags","type":"tags"},{"content":"DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a network management protocol used on IP networks whereby a DHCP server dynamically assigns an IP address and other network configuration parameters to each device on a network so they can communicate with other IP networks.\nThe DORA Process # When a client wants to join a network, it goes through a process known as DORA:\nDiscover: The client broadcasts a DHCP Discover message looking for a DHCP server. Offer: A DHCP server responds with a DHCP Offer message, proposing an IP address. Request: The client broadcasts a DHCP Request message to accept the offered IP. Acknowledge: The server finalizes the lease with a DHCP Acknowledge (ACK) message. ","date":"22 March 2024","externalUrl":null,"permalink":"/blog/networking/dhcp/","section":"Blog","summary":"DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a network management protocol used on IP networks whereby a DHCP server dynamically assigns an IP address and other network configuration parameters to each device on a network so they can communicate with other IP networks.","title":"Understanding DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)","type":"blog"},{"content":" Welcome to my digital garden. I am a cybersecurity professional dedicated to exploring network security, penetration testing, and systems analysis.\nHere you\u0026rsquo;ll find my personal notes, CTF writeups, and deep dives into various security concepts.\nNetwork Security Penetration Testing Threat Analysis Vulnerability Research 2026-10-19T19:55:24.60981Z Total in 63 ms 2026-10-19T19:55:24.610093Z Error: error building site: process: readAndProcessContent... 2026-10-19T19:55:24.615137Z Failed: Error while executing user command. Exited with error code: 1 [+] System initialized... [+] Establishing secure connection... [+] Access granted. ","date":"22 March 2024","externalUrl":null,"permalink":"/","section":"Zain Chand","summary":"Welcome to my digital garden.","title":"Zain Chand","type":"profile"},{"content":" The OSI Model # The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual framework used to describe the functions of a networking system. It consists of seven layers:\nPhysical Layer: Hardware specifications, cables, and switches. Data Link Layer: MAC addresses and frame forwarding. Network Layer: IP addresses and routing. Transport Layer: TCP/UDP, port numbers, and reliability. Session Layer: Establishing, maintaining, and terminating sessions. Presentation Layer: Data formatting, encryption, and compression. Application Layer: End-user applications (HTTP, FTP, SMTP). The TCP/IP Model # The TCP/IP model is a more practical, four-layer model that maps closely to the actual protocols used on the Internet:\nNetwork Access (or Link) Layer: Combines OSI layers 1 and 2. Internet Layer: Corresponds to the OSI Network layer. Transport Layer: Corresponds to the OSI Transport layer. Application Layer: Combines OSI layers 5, 6, and 7. ","date":"20 March 2024","externalUrl":null,"permalink":"/blog/networking/networking-models/","section":"Blog","summary":"The OSI Model # The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual framework used to describe the functions of a networking system.","title":"Networking Models: OSI vs TCP/IP","type":"blog"},{"content":"","date":"20 March 2024","externalUrl":null,"permalink":"/tags/osi/","section":"Tags","summary":"","title":"Osi","type":"tags"},{"content":"","date":"20 March 2024","externalUrl":null,"permalink":"/tags/tcp-ip/","section":"Tags","summary":"","title":"Tcp-Ip","type":"tags"},{"content":"","externalUrl":null,"permalink":"/authors/","section":"Authors","summary":"","title":"Authors","type":"authors"},{"content":"","externalUrl":null,"permalink":"/categories/","section":"Categories","summary":"","title":"Categories","type":"categories"},{"content":"","externalUrl":null,"permalink":"/series/","section":"Series","summary":"","title":"Series","type":"series"}]